NASOLACRIMAL DUCT OBSTRUCTION IN DOWN SYNDROME CHILDREN: EVIDENCE FROM KARACHI

Abstract

For many families raising a child with Down syndrome, watery eyes may seem like a minor inconvenience. Yet behind every tear may lie an overlooked condition: Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (NLDO). This study explores the prevalence, symptoms, healthcare-seeking behaviors, and treatment experiences of children with Down syndrome living in Karachi, Pakistan. Through responses collected from parents and caregivers, the research reveals a story not only of ocular health but also of healthcare accessibility, delayed diagnosis, parental awareness, and resilience. Findings indicate that nearly half of the children experienced persistent watery eyes, while only a minority received specialist consultation. Most families relied on conservative management such as eye massage and eye drops, and very few children underwent surgical intervention. The study highlights the urgent need for early screening, caregiver education, and equitable access to pediatric ophthalmic services.