CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPLICATIONS OF HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH HYPOTHYROIDISM AT KHOST PROVINCIAL SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL, AFGHANISTAN: A HOSPITAL-BASED DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Abstract

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormones. It affects approximately 1% of the general population, with the prevalence increasing to nearly 5% among individuals older than 60 years. Women account for approximately 85% of affected patients. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency, demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, complications, management, and outcomes of hypothyroidism among hospitalized patients admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine at Khost Provincial Specialized Hospital, Afghanistan. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based descriptive case series was conducted at the Department of Internal Medicine, Khost Provincial Specialized Hospital, between June and December 2025. All patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism based on clinical presentation and laboratory findings during the study period were included. Data were collected from hospital medical records using a standardized data collection form. Demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, physical examination findings, complications, treatment, and patient outcomes were recorded and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 26. Results: During the study period, a total of 2,116 patients were admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine, of whom 38 patients (1.79%) were diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Among these patients, 22 (57.9%) were female and 16 (42.1%) were male. Most patients (55.3%) were between 46 and 60 years of age. The most common presenting symptoms were generalized body pain, loss of appetite, cold intolerance, and constipation. The most frequent clinical signs included skin changes, weight gain, and hypertension. Dyslipidemia (76%) and hypertension (55%) were the most common complications observed. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is a significant endocrine disorder among hospitalized patients in Khost Province, predominantly affecting middle-aged women. Early diagnosis through thyroid function testing and timely initiation of levothyroxine therapy are essential to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. Strengthening laboratory capacity, increasing public awareness, and implementing routine screening programs for high-risk populations may improve the early detection and management of hypothyroidism in Afghanistan.