ASSESSMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS ANTIBIOTICS USE AMONG THE PUBLIC OF DISTRICT LODHRAN

Abstract

Background: Irrational use of antibiotics is a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in rural areas of Pakistan such as District Lodhran, where low health literacy, over-the-counter availability, and informal medical advice are prevalent. Assessing public knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) is essential for targeted interventions. Objective: To evaluate the KAP regarding antibiotic use among the general public of District Lodhran. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted with 151 adults (≥21 years) using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire covering demographics, antibiotic knowledge, attitudes, practices, and doctor–patient interactions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 29.1, and KAP levels were categorized based on standard evaluation indicators. Results: Most participants were middle-aged (30–39 years, 47.7%), married (62.3%), and had primary or secondary education (78.1%). About 66.9% received antibiotics in the past year, yet only 38.4% completed the full course. Self-medication was reported by 47.7%, mainly for common cold (41.7%) and sore throat (31.8%). Overall knowledge scored 52.4% (poor to moderate), with many participants incorrectly believing antibiotics treat viral infections. Attitudes were poor (49%), reflecting early discontinuation of therapy and reliance on antibiotics for minor ailments. Participants generally trusted doctors, though some noted prescribing due to patient expectations, and pharmacist counseling was moderate. Conclusion: The study reveals substantial gaps in KAP regarding antibiotic use in District Lodhran. Community-based awareness programs, collaboration with healthcare providers, and stricter regulation of antibiotic sales are needed to promote rational use and reduce AMR. These findings support local and national strategies to improve public antibiotic behavior.