GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM DALBERGIA SISSOO (ROXB.) ROOT EXTRACT AND ITS IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL EVALUATION.

Abstract

Medicinal plants provide chemically diverse matrices for the development of multifunctional anti-inflammatory candidates. Whereas plant-based nanoparticle synthesis offers a route to couple phytochemical activity with nanoscale physicochemical properties. D. sissoo roots collected in September 2025 were authenticated at Government College University Faisalabad, extracted with aqueous methanol, and used as the reducing/capping matrix for silver nanoparticle preparation. Comparative ATR-FTIR analysis showed a pronounced fingerprint-region envelope at 1450–1150 cm⁻¹ in DsR-AgNPs, with a minimum at 1318 cm⁻¹ and additional bands at 809 and 712 cm⁻¹. Dynamic light scattering gave 102.3 nm for the crude extract and 148.6 ± 17.7 nm for DsR-AgNPs (PDI 27.8 ± 0.9%, n = 2), while SEM of the dried material demonstrated irregular, angular, strongly agglomerated aggregates. In vitro bioassays showed concentration-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation and protection of human red-blood-cell membranes; at 100 µg/mL, DsR-AgNPs produced 82.4 ± 2.1% and 76.8 ± 1.9% inhibition, respectively, compared with 51.2 ± 1.7% and 47.5 ± 1.4% for the crude root extract. The research reports stronger COX-2 than COX-1 inhibition by DsR-AgNPs, reaching 88.7 ± 1.6% versus 36.5 ± 1.2% at 100 µg/mL and a source-defined selectivity index of 2.43. These findings support t that phytochemical capping and nanoscale formulation can reshape the biological profile of D. sissoo root constituents. TEM, EDX, XRD, zeta-potential and UV–Vis results were also measured; therefore, the article distinguishes measured evidence.