ASSESSMENT OF MOTHER’S KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES REGARDING CHILDHOOD VACCINATION DURING THE FIRST FIVE YEARS OF LIFE

Abstract

Introduction Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions for preventing childhood diseases. Despite the availability of vaccines in Pakistan through the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI), gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among mothers continue to hinder full immunization coverage. Understanding maternal perspectives is essential to improving vaccination uptake and reducing preventable morbidity. Study Purpose This study aimed to assess mothers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding childhood vaccination during the first five years of life at Sugra Shafi Medical Complex, Narowal. It also sought to identify barriers to vaccination and sources of information that influence maternal decisions. Research Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 80 mothers of children under five visiting the outpatient and immunization clinics of Sugra Shafi Medical Complex. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured, pre-validated questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS Version 27 to determine frequencies and percentages across knowledge, attitude, and practice domains. Results Most mothers (95%) demonstrated strong knowledge that vaccines prevent serious illnesses and begin at birth, with 90% reporting regular adherence to the EPI schedule. However, 17.5% held misconceptions about vaccine-related infertility, and 13.8% expressed doubt over the safety of polio drops. Attitudes were mostly positive, with 63.7% strongly agreeing that vaccines are essential, yet 27.5% feared side effects and 16.2% felt religion may discourage vaccination. Practically, 97.5% had vaccinated their child at birth, but common reasons for missed vaccines included forgetfulness (18.8%) and lack of access (16.2%). Information was mostly obtained through family and friends (48.8%) and healthcare workers (33.8%). Conclusion While overall knowledge and practices were satisfactory, persistent myths and barriers remain. To improve vaccination coverage in Narowal, targeted education, stronger health communication, and expanded access to services are needed. Culturally relevant, trust-based interventions will play a critical role in closing remaining gaps.