OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS AMONG NURSES: ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND PRACTICES IN SOUTHERN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Abstract

Background: Nurses are frequently exposed to various occupational health hazards, including physical, biological, chemical, ergonomic, and psychosocial risks. These hazards can compromise nurses’ health, reduce productivity, and affect patient safety. In Pakistan, limited research exists assessing nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding occupational health hazards in tertiary hospitals. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nurses regarding occupational health hazards in Shahida Islam Teaching Hospital and Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Pakistan, and to identify gaps that may inform institutional interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. A total of 80 nurses were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics and KAP regarding occupational health hazards. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to examine associations between gender and KAP. Results: Among participants, 71.5% demonstrated good knowledge, 87.1% had positive attitudes, and 79.7% exhibited appropriate practices regarding occupational health hazards. A subset of nurses showed uncertainty or insufficient knowledge and practice. Chi-square analysis indicated no statistically significant association between gender and KAP. Findings highlight that while most nurses possess satisfactory awareness and attitudes, gaps remain in practical application and adherence to safety protocols. Conclusion: Nurses in the two tertiary hospitals generally display good knowledge, positive attitudes, and appropriate practices toward occupational health hazards, consistent with national and international literature. Nevertheless, continuous training, practical reinforcement, and institutional support are necessary to strengthen occupational health safety and promote nurse well-being.