LOW BACK PAIN AMONG RECREATIONAL GYM WEIGHTLIFTERS: PREVALENCE, SEVERITY, AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS

Abstract

Background: Low back pain is among the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders globally and is a significant factor contributing to disability and reduced quality of life. Weightlifting entails repetitive stress on the spine and may intensify the likelihood of back pain, especially if practiced with poor technique or disproportionate weight. Objective: To determine the prevalence of low back pain among weightlifters in gyms of Hayatabad, Peshawar, and to describe pain characteristics, severity, timing, and associated factors. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from March to September 2021 in selected gyms of Hayatabad, Peshawar. A total of 278 weightlifters (161 males, 117 females) aged 18 to 50 were recruited through non-probability convenience sampling. Individuals with previous spinal conditions, injuries, concerning symptoms, systemic illnesses, or those who are pregnant were not included. Data were gathered employing the Modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations were analysed using SPSS version 25. Results: Of the 278 participants, 199 (71.6%) reported low back pain. A total of 105 (37.8%) participants reported mild pain, 74 (26.6%) reported moderate pain, and 20 (7.2%) reported severe pain. Low back pain occurred most frequently after weightlifting (32.7%), followed by during weightlifting (29.9%). The standing posture while lifting and handling weights of 20–25 kg was often linked to low back pain. The most frequently mentioned effective treatment was physical therapy. Conclusion: Low back pain is highly prevalent among weightlifters attending gyms, especially in young adults and males. Discomfort often arises during or following weightlifting, indicating a possible involvement of muscular fatigue and biomechanical strain. These results emphasize the importance of appropriate lifting methods, preventive measures, and rehabilitation-oriented approaches in fitness settings.