HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA PATIENTS PRESENTING TO PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENT, HAYATABAD MEDICAL COMPLEX, PESHAWAR

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the hematological profiles of Acute myeloid leukemia patients presented at Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. Study Design and Setting: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st July 2023 to 30th June 2024, at Pathology Department, Hayatabad Medical Complex. Methodology: The study including 116 AML patients aged ≥18 years. Diagnosis was based on ≥20% blasts in peripheral smear/bone marrow and classified according to FAB subtypes. Hematological parameters including hemoglobin (Hb), leukocyte and platelet counts, anemia, leukopenia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and blast percentages were recorded. Chi-square test applied for comparisons (p ≤ 0.05 significant). Results: The mean age was 54.8±13.8 years, with male predominance (58.6%). AML-M2 was the most frequent subtype (20.7%). Anemia was present in 81.9% (mean Hb: 8.1±2.8 g/dl), leukocytosis in 52.6%, leukopenia in 17.2%, and thrombocytopenia in 87.9% (mean platelet count: 55.7±16.3×10³/µL). Blast cells>60% were found in 58.6% of patients. No significant gender differences were observed (p>0.05). Younger patients (≤40 years) had higher Hb compared to older patients (8.3±0.5 vs. 7.7±2.0 g/dl, p=0.049). Significant Hb variation was also noted across AML subtypes (p=0.045), but other parameters showed no difference. Conclusion: Anemia and thrombocytopenia were the most prevalent hematological abnormalities in AML patients. Except for hemoglobin variation by age and subtype, no significant differences were observed. These findings highlight the diagnostic value of hematological parameters and provide baseline data for clinicians in this region.