ANALYSIS OF PERIOPERATIVE MEDICATION ERRORS AND THE ROLE OF HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ENHANCING ANESTHESIA SAFETY AND QUALITY CARE

Abstract

Background: Perioperative medication errors are a major concern in anesthesia practice due to the use of high-risk medications, time-critical decision making, and the complex working environment of operating rooms. Errors during prescribing, preparation, labeling, documentation, or administration can lead to serious patient harm, including hemodynamic instability, prolonged recovery, and increased morbidity and mortality. Health Information Systems (HIS) have been introduced to enhance medication safety and improve quality of care; however, evidence regarding their effectiveness in perioperative and anesthesia settings remains limited at the local level. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the frequency, types, and contributing factors of perioperative medication errors and to evaluate the role of Health Information Systems in enhancing anesthesia safety and quality of care at Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected from 100 healthcare professionals working in anesthesia and perioperative departments, including anesthesiologists, nurse anesthetists, operating room nurses, and anesthesia technicians. A structured questionnaire was employed to gather information regarding experiences of medication errors, contributing human and system factors, utilization of Health Information Systems, and perceptions about their effectiveness in improving medication safety. Results: The findings showed that perioperative medication errors were common, with wrong dose and wrong drug errors being the most frequently reported. Heavy workload, time pressure, and communication gaps were identified as major contributing factors. Participants who used Health Information Systems reported fewer medication errors compared to those who relied on manual systems. HIS improved medication accuracy, documentation quality, communication, and traceability, and supported safer clinical decision-making through standardized digital processes. Conclusion: The study concludes that Health Information Systems play a significant role in reducing perioperative medication errors and improving anesthesia safety and quality of care. Effective implementation of HIS, combined with continuous staff training, standardized medication protocols, and a strong patient safety culture, can substantially minimize preventable medication-related harm.