ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE OF RISK FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION AMONG GENERAL POPULATION OF PESHAWAR

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a leading global health concern and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Adequate public knowledge regarding its risk factors is crucial for effective prevention and control. In Pakistan, where the burden of hypertension is rising, understanding the level of awareness in the general population is essential for designing targeted health interventions. Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding the risk factors of hypertension among the general population of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 100 adult residents of Peshawar. Data were collected using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire that captured demographic information and assessed knowledge of hypertension risk factors (including high salt intake, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, stress, family history, and alcohol consumption) and preventive practices. Knowledge scores were calculated and categorized as poor, moderate, or good. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, employing descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to explore associations. Results: The study found that 72% of participants had heard of hypertension, with 64% correctly defining it as high blood pressure. Awareness of specific risk factors was moderate: 71% recognized high salt intake, 68% identified obesity, and 65% acknowledged physical inactivity as risk factors. However, knowledge gaps were evident, with only 60% recognizing family history and 57% identifying alcohol consumption as risk factors. While 76% believed hypertension is preventable, misconceptions about lifestyle modifications persisted. A statistically significant association was found between higher education levels and better knowledge scores. Conclusion: The general population of Peshawar possesses a moderate level of knowledge about hypertension risk factors, but significant gaps remain, particularly regarding non-modifiable and certain lifestyle risks. The findings underscore an urgent need for targeted, community-based health education programs to improve awareness and promote preventive behaviors to curb the growing burden of hypertension.