INFLUENCE OF LOWER EXTREMITY MALALIGNMENTS ON MOVEMENT KINEMATICS AND DISABILITY IN ACUTE VS. CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN PATIENTS

Abstract

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Lumbar biomechanics may be impacted by lower extremity malalignments like pes planus, genu varum, genu valgum, and limb length discrepancy, leading to discomfort and disability. However, there is limited information on the comparison of movement kinematics and impairments between acute and chronic LBP. Objectives: This study examined lower-extremity alignment, movement kinematics, lumbar range of motion (ROM), pain severity, and functional impairment in individuals with both acute and chronic low back pain. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 50 participants, divided into two equal groups: 25 with acute low back pain and 25 with chronic low back pain, all aged 18–25 years and recruited through convenience sampling. Outcome measures included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), lumbar range of motion (ROM) assessed with a goniometer, and a composite functional movement score. Group differences were analyzed using independent samples t-tests. Outcomes: Individuals with long-term low back pain (LBP) reported far more pain. (VAS: 6.92 ± 3.04 versus 5.24 ± 1.61; p = 0.018), increased disability (ODI: 23.84 ± 7.80 compared to 17.96 ± 5.79; p = 0.004; RMDQ: 12.24 ± 3.06 versus 9.92 ± 3.40; p = 0.015), greater restriction in range of motion (10.32 ± 2.82 versus 8.56 ± 2.72; p = 0.030), and poorer functional performance (16.28 ± 4.18 compared to 12.92 ± 3.29; p = 0.003) than those with acute LBP. In conclusion, chronic LBP is associated with increased pain, disability, and movement impairments. Malalignments in the lower extremity might contribute to these effects.