Self-assessed risk of being sexually infected with HIV and its Incidence in Sindh, Pakistan

Abstract

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV, are a significant global public health concern. In Pakistan, high-risk groups experience high prevalence rates, yet public knowledge and awareness remain inadequate. This study aimed to analyze the self-assessed risk of being sexually infected with HIV and its incidence in Sindh, Pakistan. Using a nationally representative dataset, we examined self-reported vulnerability (categorized as 'high', 'intermediate', 'low', and 'none') and its association with demographic characteristics and risk factors. Statistical analysis, including ordered logistic regression, was used to model these relationships. The findings reveal a critical disconnect between knowledge and personal risk perception. Despite 74% of participants demonstrating good knowledge of HIV transmission, self-perceived vulnerability was low. Only 16.7% of respondents reported a 'high' chance of infection, while a considerable 13.3% perceived 'no risk at all.' A higher self-perceived risk was associated with a recent history of STIs and having multiple sexual partners. This low self-assessed vulnerability, despite high-risk behavior and good general knowledge, highlights a significant public health challenge. The study concludes that existing awareness campaigns are insufficient to translate knowledge into personal risk perception and behavioral change. To address this, there is an urgent need for targeted public health interventions, emphasizing comprehensive sexual education and ensuring accessible and affordable HIV prevention methods to bridge the gap between awareness and action.

Keywords: HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Self-Assessed Risk, Sindh, Pakistan, Public Health, Awareness.