ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF NURSES ABOUT THE CARE OF THALASSEMIA MAJOR PATIENT AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Abstract

Thalassemia major is a genetic hematological disorder requiring lifelong management through regular blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, and comprehensive nursing care. Nurses play a pivotal role in ensuring safe transfusion practices, patient education, and complication prevention. Assessing nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding thalassemia care is essential to identify gaps that may impact patient outcomes. Aim The study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of nurses regarding the care of patients with thalassemia major in tertiary care hospitals. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. A total of 140 nurses were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing socio-demographics, knowledge, and practice items related to thalassemia care. Descriptive statistics were applied to summarize frequencies and percentages, while reliability and validity of the instrument were ensured. Results Most participants were female (67.1%) with an age range of 25–45 years. Knowledge assessment showed that 39.3% of nurses had good knowledge, 35.7% moderate, and 25% poor. Key knowledge gaps were noted regarding splenectomy and management of complications. In practice, 60.2% demonstrated good practice while 39.8% showed poor practice. Strengths included equipment preparation (97.1%) and site selection (92.9%), while weaknesses were observed in sterilization of vials (29.3%) and hand hygiene compliance (53.6%). Conclusion Although overall knowledge and practice levels were satisfactory, significant gaps remain in infection control and complication management. Educational interventions and regular training are recommended to strengthen safe transfusion practices and holistic thalassemia care